國立體育大學-技擊運動技術系

本研究目的爲探討柔道選手生理功能與運動表現。本研究方法爲專項技術能力及基礎耐力能力。本研究對象爲高中男子柔道校隊選手38名（年齡16.6±0.9歲，身高174.5±7.0cm，體重81.5±24.6kg，訓練年數 4.6±2.2年）。檢測方式如後：專項技術能力檢測，受測選手以最大的速度做Uchi-Komi, Seoi-Nage兩個連結動作，每回合測試時間依據Lehmann的方式，運動時間設定爲10秒，每回合之間休息30秒（記錄次數），共進行四回合測試，測試結束後1、3、5分鐘(E-1、E-3、E-5)採血；基礎耐力檢測於田徑場上以2.5m/s的速度進行，每一階速度上昇0.5m/s，每一階持續時間爲5分鐘，測試進行至受試者所能承受之最高負荷爲止（階與階之間休息30秒採血、記錄心跳）。以重覆量數單因子變異數分析專項技術能力檢測所得之乳酸值。本研究之顯著水準皆訂爲α＝.05。結果顯示國內高中男子柔道選手基礎耐力能力（有氧閾值速度2.2±0.4m/s、無氧閾值速度3.0±0.3 m/s）非常差；專項技術測試乳酸值E-1爲4.2±1.3mmol/l、E-3爲4.5±1.6 mmol/l、E-5則爲4.4±1.6 mmol/l，皆未達顯著差異(p>.05)，最大乳酸值出現在結束後第3分鐘，選手乳酸排除速度慢，影響專項技術表現。乳酸代謝率平均值爲0.3 ± 0.2 mmol/l*s。最大乳酸值越高者其專項技術次數也越高；最大乳酸值低者，其專項技術次數亦低。完成的功率大、乳酸峰值高，表示其無氧糖酵解能力好、速耐力佳。本研究以乳酸代謝率與專項技術次數四象限判斷專項運動能力（無氧非乳酸耐力能力），可做爲教練評價選手專項能力方法之一。 The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological response and exercise performance of senior high school elite judo players. Subjects were thirty-eight senior high school elite judo players (age: 16.6±0.9 yrs, height: 174.5±7.0 cm, weight: 81.5±24.6kg, training experience: 4.6±2.2 yrs). All subjects had performed two different tests voluntarily. First, judo professional endurance test, Uchi-Komi & Seoi-Nage skill tests were performed for 4 sets when the subjects reached maximal efforts. The duration was set for 10 seconds and each interval was 30 seconds according to Lehmann's method, the blood samples were collected at 1st, 3rd and 5th minutes(E-1, E-3, E-5) after endurance test. Second, incremental intensity test was performed in the Athletics Field, started at 2.5m/s, increased 0.5m/s for each sets, and the duration was 5 minutes. This incremental intensity test was terminated until volunteers all out. Blood sample and heart rate had been recorded during the interval rest. One way ANOVA was the statistic method to analysis the blood lactate variance during judo professional skill test, the significant level was α=.05. The results were shown that the senior high school judo male players had poor endurance ability (aerobic speed threshold: 2.2±0.4m/s, anaerobic speed threshold: 3.0±0.3m/s). Further more, the blood lactate samples during professional skill test were insignificant (E-1was 4.2±1.3mmol/l, E-3 was 4.5±1.6mmol/l and E-5 was 4.4V1.6mmol/l, p>.05). The maximal blood lactate volume was at 3rd minute after test and the average blood lactate metabolic rate was 0.3±0.2mmol/l, this result indicated that the lactate metabolic rate was too slow to influence performance. Subjects with higher maximal blood lactate volume had better performance in professional skill test, in opposite; subjects had poor performance that had lower maximal blood lactate volume. And even, it had shown the subjects had higher anaerobic glycolysis and better speed endurance ability if they reach higher power and peak blood lactate volume. In conclusion, we suggested that the four dimensions constructed by blood metabolic rate and judo professional skill test could be used to evaluate the judo professional skills.